Plantain bananas grow like grapes, in bunches or clusters. The harvest is carried out manually around 3 to 4 months after flowering, and continues throughout the year. Bunches will keep for between 15 and 30 days, depending on when they are harvested. Since plantain bananas are fragile, sensitive to shocks and changes in temperature, they must be transported with care. There are three species of banana: sweet bananas , plantains and inedible wild bananas. While plantain bananas resemble the sweet bananas we eat as a fruit, plantains are only rarely eaten raw.
Their thicker skin and firmer and less sweet flesh are the reason why they are usually cooked as a vegetable, in soups and stews for example. The leaves of the plantain are heated to soften and sterilise them and then used in the food industry to wrap cooked food.
They do not alter the properties of the food they protect. Plantain bananas provide kcal per g and are an important source of carbohydrates, as well as of potassium and magnesium.
La culture de la banane [en ligne]. See questions about Plantain. Plantain tree. Common Pests and Diseases Diseases. Brown spots on fruit peel; large brown to black areas; black lesions on green fruit. Wet conditions promote growth and spread of disease; spread by rainfall through plant or banana bunch.
Management Commercially produced fruit should be washed and dipped in fungicide prior to shipping; protect fruit from injury; remove flower parts which can harbour fungus. Currently the most important disease of banana; promoted by high moisture and spores spread by wind.
Management Export plantations may require regular fungicide applications; increase plant spacing to improve air circulation and reduce humidity; remove leaves with mature spots. Yellowing of older leaves; splitting of leaf sheaths; leaves wilting and buckling; death of entire canopy. Management Use disease free seed pieces; currently no effective treatment once plants are infected. Plants produce fruit year round, can produce for up to one hundred years and are suitable for intercropping.
Vegetative propagation is necessary because they rarely produce seeds and those are not true to variety. In more than 9. Where marketed across longer distances, post-harvest plantain losses are heavy due to poor handling and transport conditions and inadequate market access routes. Africans annually consume 21 kg of banana and plantain per capita, but Ugandans consume kg per year, or more than half of one kg per day.
In fact, Ugandans use the same word for food as the name of the local banana dish matooke. The fungus grows on the leaves producing dark spots and causes the fruits to ripen prematurely. It was first identified in Ethiopia in the s, but spread rapidly to other parts of the Great Lakes region after reaching Uganda in It is spread through corms used for planting.
The major banana and plantain pests are the burrowing nematode and the banana weevil. IITA scientists have developed and introduced high yielding, disease and pest resistant varieties with durable fruit quality. IITA has also developed and is promoting hot water treatment to rid plants of nematodes and to produce clean planting materials. Another important control tactic is the use of nematode-antagonistic plants that inhibit nematode reproduction.
IITA has successfully identified variations within the Black Sigatoka species in Africa and the possibility to design new diagnostic tools. Such tools would enhance the capacity of subsequent projects in selected countries in SSA.
Application of genetic modification and genome editing for developing climate-smart banana.
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