In the summer of , with Congress not in session, Andrew Johnson decided the time had finally come to replace Edwin Stanton with a new secretary of war. Stanton had become increasingly at odds with Johnson and the rest of his cabinet, and had been conspiring with Radical Republicans in Congress to thwart Johnson's policies on Reconstruction, which were considered too soft by the Radicals. On August 5, , Johnson sent Stanton the following message: "Public considerations of high character constrain me to say that your resignation as Secretary of War will be accepted.
On January 3, , the new Congress met and refused to concur in the removal of Stanton by a vote of 35 to The President, however, refused to accept the Senate's decision, believing the Tenure of Office Act to be an unconstitutional infringement on the power of the executive. Hoping to obtain judicial review of the Act's constitutionality, Johnson on February 21, appointed General Lorenzo Thomas, Adjutant General of the Army, to the post of secretary of war.
Stanton balked at leaving the office he had reoccupied since January. Hayes removed future president Chester A. Arthur and Alonzo B. Cornell from patronage jobs at the New York customhouse, resulting in a battle with Republican political boss Roscoe Conkling. In , President Grover Cleveland challenged the constitutionality of the Tenure of Office Act, arguing that the president, as leader of the executive branch , had the sole power to remove appointees.
He practiced what he preached, removing previous appointees from office. He eventually won the ensuing standoff with Congress. The repeal of the Tenure of Office Act strengthened the powers of the president. Tenure of Office Act. Why Was Andrew Johnson Impeaced? Roscoe Conkling: A Featured Biography. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present.
The Fair Housing Act of prohibited discrimination concerning the sale, rental and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin or sex. Intended as a follow-up to the Civil Rights Act of , the bill was the subject of a contentious debate in the Senate, The Civil Rights Act of , which ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin, is considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement.
First proposed by The Patriot Act is legislation passed in to improve the abilities of U. The Stamp Act of was the first internal tax levied directly on American colonists by the British Parliament. The act, which imposed a tax on all paper documents in the colonies, came at a time when the British Empire was deep in debt from the Seven Years' War and The Alien and Sedition Acts were a series of four laws passed by the U.
Congress in amid widespread fear that war with France was imminent. The four laws—which remain controversial to this day—restricted the activities of foreign residents in the country and limited FOIA plays an important role in keeping government transparent and accountable, and has been used to expose a Dodd-Frank put regulations on the Roosevelt in , created Social Security, a federal safety net for elderly, unemployed and disadvantaged Americans.
The main stipulation of the original Social Security Act was to pay financial benefits to
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